Highest Capacity Users 

The chord diagram below depicts the volume of data moved across ESnet in calendar year 2024 between the top 40 pairs of source and destination organizations. In 2024, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory was the largest sender of data over ESnet, sending 136 petabytes (PB). Additionally, the 37.5 PB of data moved from University of Chicago to Indiana GigaPOP was entirely attributed to the Large Hadron Collider projects.

Usage by DOE Sites 

This diagram depicts the volume of data moved between the top 20 pairs of national labs and user facilities across ESnet during calendar year 2024. In CY2024 National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) was the largest recipient of data, at 75.3 PB, while Oak Ridge National Laboratory was the largest sender of data, at 58.3 PB.

Evolution of ESnet

ESnet Traffic: Historic Usage

ESnet’s network traffic has grown exponentially in the past two decades. In 2024, ESnet carried 1.77 exabytes of data to and from the sites it connects, compared with 1.7 EB in CY2023. (This 4% increase is unusually low, but 2025 data indicate the rapid growth has resumed.) An exabyte is a nearly incomprehensible amount of data, equal to 1,000 petabytes or one billion gigabytes. This torrent of data is spurring ESnet to innovate in multiple areas to continue to deliver on its mission — and enable DOE scientists to seamlessly move, store, and analyze that data without drowning in it.